If there is not yet a renewable alternative for a current process, another option can be interesting.
In order to reach the Paris agreement, a large decrease in CO2-emissions is necessary. This reduction can be reached by saving on consumption or transition to renewable resources. If there is not yet a renewable alternative for a current process, another option can be interesting. The port authority Rotterdam, Gasunie and EBN are doing a feasibility study for constructing infrastructure for CO2 so that companies can transport their CO2 to empty oil fields in the North Sea or make arrangements with horticulture to supply them with CO2.
In the short term it is not possible to replace all refinery and chemical processes by circular alternatives and then CCS becomes an interesting option for reducing the CO2 emission. If companies in Rotterdam really want to make use of the network, it looks like an interesting project and a decision on investment should be made in 2018 and the system could be in operation in 2020.