Hydrogen development Netherlands

Hydrogen transitions in the Netherlands mainly in demo phase

Transition to sustainable energy with Hydrogen economy.

Compiled by Theo Nohlmans

Summary

  • A transition is a structural change resulting from interacting and mutually reinforcing developments in areas such as economy, culture, technology, institutions and nature and environment
  • The common factor is Health and Life expectancy.

History

  • The Agrarian Revolution are the changes that took place in European Agriculture and Society from 1750 onwards
  • Industrialisation (1860) is the process of changes in the production process through mechanisation and subsequent changes in the organisation of production, such as the introduction of the factory system.
  • History Transition From Horsepower to PK - on environmental and health problems caused by the horse in the 19th century.
  • History of the automobile (1885-1904) and exponential increase in CO2 Technology.
  • Demographic transition. A demographic transition or demographic revolution is the transition from a high death and birth rate to a low death and birth rate within a given population group. In Western Europe, this transition was made between 1750 and 1960, i.e. from the second half of the 18th century, in the climate of industrialisation that germinated in Europe in the 18th century. One consequence was the sharp increase in Europe's population during that period. In the southern continents, the demographic transition started much later and was initiated by an improvement in health care. Mortality there declined faster than fertility, so population growth there was also stronger. In much of Africa, the transition is still ongoing.

    The transition is different for each country, where national history (wars, etc.) can distort the standard picture. The demographic transition in the Netherlands, for example, is characterised by only gradually decreasing birth and death rates between 1880 and 1950, with a birth wave in 1945 and 1946 due to the end of World War II. In China, the demographic transition is again heavily influenced by the government's one-child policy.

Present

  • How do we replace natural gas with a renewable energy carrier? That is the big question of the coming years. A lot is happening in the field of hydrogen. Sustainable Business lists some promising applications: Transport, Public Transport, Hydrogen heating, Hydrogen for Industry. List projects.
  • Although hydrogen is increasingly seen as the energy carrier of the future, it is certainly not the holy grail.
  • Hydrogen: key energy carrier of the future. Hydrogen can play a major role in society's huge task of drastically reducing CO2 emissions. Jörg Gigler, director TKI New Gas, and Marcel Weeda, senior researcher at TNO, tell more.
  • Not a word about it in the coalition agreement, but Ed Nijpels' Climate Tables are tumbling over each other to applaud hydrogen. Energy companies are also eager to start using the energy carrier, but this will require a major system change. The question is who will pay for it all.

Future

  • Background Hydrogen . Types of hydrogen. Why is hydrogen so badly needed? In principle, switching an economy to renewable energy is a piece of cake: you electrify all energy use, including for heating and for transport. You produce that power by sustainable means, i.e. wind turbines, solar panels and biofuels like biogas and wood chips. Done. But there are two problems. First, some processes, especially in heavy industry, cannot be electrified, or only at very high cost. Making steel, glass, cement and bricks, for example: the required temperature can hardly be achieved with heat pumps or electric furnaces. With hydrogen, it can be done. Swedish steel group SSAB has already started building a pilot plant for this process.

    The other problem is that sun and wind are not always available on demand. Think of windless or cloudy days. There are many sleeves to adjust for that. For instance, you can connect electricity grids; it's always windy somewhere in Europe. You can match the use of power to the supply of power. For instance, charge the electric car battery at night; that is when there is more wind power and little demand
  • Because hydrogen is the smallest molecule on earth, it goes right through some materials. This can be tricky when transported in pipelines, but is not a major problem: industrial areas already have perfectly functioning hydrogen pipeline networks.
  • Hydrogen is indispensable. According to Professor Ad van Wijk, wind and solar energy are not enough, See Ad van Wijk. Even if you want to transport energy, it is better to move hydrogen than electricity. True, 60 per cent of energy is lost when you convert electricity to hydrogen and back to electricity. But moving 'electrons' via new cables is 100 to 200 times more expensive than moving hydrogen via converted natural gas pipelines, says Van Wijk. That advantage is going to weigh more heavily as wind turbines move further out to sea. And even more so when you want to bring solar energy from the Sahara to Europe; a real possibility, he says. The Netherlands has the advantage of already having a large gas infrastructure. This also allows residential areas to be supplied with hydrogen relatively easily, according to him.
  • Potential options for the Netherlands
  • hydrogen Hub in Delfzijl.
  • Germany heading for 100 hydrogen filling stations by 2019, Netherlands 9 * https://opwegmetwaterstof.nl/2018/06/01/duitsland-op-weg-naar-100-waterstoftankstations-in-2019/ H2 mobility
  • Belgium,Flanders, hydrogen network roadmap Interreg hydrogen region 2.0 Belgium and the Netherlands , https://www.waterstofnet.eu/nl/roadmaps/roadmap-voorwaterstofinfrastructuur-in-belgie-h2mobility
  • Innovation and Science is busy with it
    Pre-transition in which mortality and birth rates are roughly equal; phase 1 in which mortality falls and birth rates remain the same resulting in a large population increase; phase 2 in which birth rates also start to fall; post-transition in which mortality and birth rates are more or less balanced again.

    A population explosion takes place during the transition. For example, the world population grew from 1610 million in 1900 to 2509 million in 1950 and 6100 million in 2000. The population is expected to reach 9500 million by 2050.

    The four stages of the demographic transition shown in the form of population pyramids The world population grows from around 200 mln in 0005 through 791 mln in 1700 to 6515 mln in 2005 Doubling every 50 years over the last 300 years due to health and food.

    See:
    https://www.duurzaambedrijfsleven.nl/energietransitie-business
    https://www.topsectorenergie.nl/nieuws/experimenteren-met-alle-vormen-van-waterstof
    https://www.dwv-info.de
    https://www.duurzaambedrijfsleven.nl/download/handreiking-waterstof-coalitiepdf
    http://technotheek.utwente.nl/wiki/Fuel_cells_/_Brandstofcellen
    http://profadvanwijk.com/tag/groene-waterstofeconomie/
    http://profadvanwijk.com/nederland-waterstofland-2/
    https://www.vno-ncw.nl/forum/iedereen-aan-de-waterstof-auto-dat-dichterbij-dan-je-denkt
    https://www.vno-ncw.nl/column/nederland-aan-de-waterstof-iedereen-doet-mee
    https://www.waterstofnet.eu/nl/roadmaps/roadmap-voor-waterstofinfrastructuur-in-belgie-h2mobility
    https://opwegmetwaterstof.nl/2018/06/01/duitsland-op-weg-naar-100-waterstoftankstations-in-2019/
    https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografische_transitie